Breast Cancer Surgery

The various surgical techniques differ in how much breast tissue is removed with the tumor. The technique that is used depends on how big the tumor is, where it is located, whether it has spread.

The breast surgeon will discuss your surgery options with you before the procedure. The surgeon may recommend a specific surgical procedure for you based on the size, location, or type of breast cancer you have.

Head and Neck Cancer

Surgery is one of the main treatments for cancers of the head and neck.

1. Transoral surgery —If you have a small cancer in the mouth, it may be possible to do surgery through the open mouth.

2. Endoscopic surgery —The surgeon may use an endoscope to remove small tumours

3. Open surgery —This means the surgeon removes the tumour by making a cut (incision)

Gastrointestinal Cancer

This type of cancer is characterized by a growth of cancerous cells within the lining of the stomach mainly Intestines.

To treat stomach cancer, a surgeon may perform a: Partial gastrectomy: This procedure removes part of the stomach. Doctors typically remove lymph nodes and fatty tissue as well to help ensure all the cancer is gone.

The cancerous part of the stomach is removed through surgery.

Laparoscopic Surgeries

The process takes its name from the laparoscope, a slender tool that has a tiny video camera and light on the end. When a surgeon inserts it through a small cut and into your body, they can look at a video monitor and see what’s happening inside you.

Doctors first used it for gallbladder surgery and gynecology operations. Then it came in play for the intestines, liver, and other organs.

Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy

Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is the most common examination used to view the throat and its surrounding structures.

It is performed to visualize abnormalities, biopsy tissue, or remove small growths, such as polyps, from the region. The flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy enables the doctor to view the following areas: nasopharynx (back of the nose), oropharynx (back of the mouth), larynx (voice box) and hypopharynx (entrance to the swallowing passage).

Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

It is a diagnostic examination of the major air passages to the lungs. This procedure enables the physician to examine the inside of the main windpipe (trachea) and other major air passages, (bronchi). Bronchoscopy is a safe diagnostic procedure that carries little risk to the patient. Bronchoscopy is required for symptoms such as a persistent cough, coughing up blood, abnormal or noisy breathing sounds or shortness of breath.

UGI Scopy

Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor uses an endoscope—a flexible tube with a camera—to see the lining of your upper GI tract.

Doctors use upper GI endoscopy to help diagnose and treat symptoms and conditions that affect the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine or duodenum.

Upper GI endoscopy can help find the cause of unexplained symptoms, such as persistent heartburn, bleeding, nausea and vomiting, pain, problems swallowing, unexplained weight loss.

Colonoscopy

During a colonoscopy,doctor uses a thin, flexible camera to check for abnormalities or disease in your lower intestine or colon.

A colonoscopy can help the doctor to :

1. look for signs of cancers and other problems

2. explore the cause of unexplained changes in bowel habits

3. evaluate symptoms of pain or bleeding located in the abdominal area

4. find a reason for weight loss, chronic constipation, or diarrhea

Cystoscopy

This procedure is ordered if you have urinary problems, such as a constant need to urinate or painful urination.

A cystoscope is a thin tube with a camera and light on the end. During a cystoscopy, a doctor inserts this tube through your urethra and into your bladder so they can visualize the inside of your bladder. Magnified images from the camera are displayed on a screen for further diagnosis.